Adams was beaten, but he still left his mark in the final days of his administration. He made several key Federalist judicial appointments, including the appointment of John Marshall as chief justice of the Supreme Court. Jefferson and his running mate, Aaron Burr, received the same amount of electoral votes. Until the ratification of the 12th Amendment in , electors did not vote separately for president and vice president.
That led to a tie between Jefferson and Burr. The election was thrown into the House of Representatives, and Jefferson won the presidency on the 36th ballot.
Like his father, John Quincy Adams refused to attend the inauguration of his successor. Historian H. The Constitution specifically countenances that a President, who observes the Sabbath on Sunday, should not be penalized for failing to return a bill. Alas, a Jewish President would be a day late and a dollar short. However, the 20th Amendment contains no exception for Sunday, so we are stuck here. Also, Tim Sandefur raises an interesting bit of trivia:.
Obama will be the only president other than FDR to be sworn in four times. This Essay offers a historical account of the Sunday exception and argues that rather than endorsing religious observance, the Sunday exception reflects two related principles: a deliberation principle and a federalism principle.
First, the Framers afforded the President a ten-day period Sundays excepted for the consideration of bills; this was a longer period than those contained in the two state constitutions which granted an executive veto in Second, the Sunday exception reflects the fact that each of the thirteen colonies had Sunday laws commonly called Blue Laws 17 of various types at the time of the Constitutional Convention. Jay Wexler wrote about it on the Odd Clauses blog:. Of course, some have suggested that this provision supports the view that the Framers thought we were a Christian nation.
According to this argument, the framers wrote the parenthetical into the Constitution as a way of recognizing that Sunday is the true sabbath and day of rest that god wants us to observe every week and so on and so on. I corrected a few nits pointed out in the comments. Adams may also have chosen to forego the ceremony to avoid fueling any simmering tensions between the two parties, according to the WHHA.
Jefferson's inauguration marked the first peaceful transfer of power from one party to another in America's young history, as Adams was a Federalist and Jefferson led the Democratic-Republican Party. The son of John Adams refused to attend the inauguration of successor Andrew Jackson, whom he had previously defeated in the presidential election. Jackson won the popular vote in but didn't have enough Electoral College votes to be elected, which left the decision to the House of Representatives, similar to the situation between the elder Adams and Jefferson.
Jackson won the rematch in the election, resulting in Adams following in his father's footsteps and leaving the White House a day before Jackson's inauguration. Van Buren, a Democrat, did not attend the inauguration of William Henry Harrison, a Whig, for reasons that remain unclear because the two appeared friendly.
Van Buren and Harrison met at the White House twice in the days leading up to the inauguration, including Van Buren hosting him for dinner, according to the White House Historical Association. Van Buren missed watching Harrison deliver the longest inaugural address in history, lasting an hour and 45 minutes. He then became the first president to die in office, only a month after the inauguration, most likely from ingesting the sewage-contaminated water supply at the White House, according to the Library of Congress.
Polk's term ended on this day, March 4, , a Sunday. The United States Constitution required of a new president that, "Before he enter on the execution of his office, he shall take the following oath or affirmation: -- "I do solemnly swear or affirm that I will faithfully execute the office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States.
Many sources claim that the President pro tempore of the Senate, David Rice Atchison, became president for a day. However, he was entitled to the position only if the President-elect and vice-president-elect died.
He had no more taken the presidential oath of office than Zachary Taylor. Furthermore, his term as President pro tempore of the Senate expired with the 30th Congress on March 3, two days before Taylor took the oath.
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