Augustine, Florida, leaving behind a greatly reduced population of Indians, who had suffered under Spanish rule. In , the British founded a settlement at Charleston and started to expand their territory into Georgia, building Fort King George at Darien in This began a period of territorial dispute over the coast of Georgia, termed the "debatable land.
Simons on the island, which was seen as a provocation by the Spanish. He also built a fort in Darien and settled the area with Scottish Highlanders who would become part of his fighting force. The Battle of Bloody Marsh on St. Simons resolved the conflict in the new southern colonies. Fort Frederica, having served its military purpose, went into decline and in , most of it was destroyed by fire, and the town never recovered.
After the American Revolution, the island was transformed into 14 plantations that grew sea island cotton. Most of St. Simons's Live Oaks were cut down to clear land for farming and supply valuable timber for American warships, such as the USS Constitution.
The iron of Old Ironsides consisted of tough live oak planking. The oaks seen today on St. Simons are generally under years old. A lighthouse was built in the early s, signaling the importance of the harbor of Brunswick. Most of the plantations were experiencing declines from exhausted soil, insect damage, and poor market conditions when the Civil War arrived in , ending their free source of labor and dealing a final blow to the agricultural enterprises.
A Confederate fort was built to guard the St. Simons sound, but it was abandoned and destroyed along with the lighthouse by retreating Rebels. Lumber mills dominated the next period of activity on the island, from to A new lighthouse was built. Across the South, northern timber companies were rapidly cutting down southern forests. The companies used large rivers to transport the logs, and the most important river in Georgia was the mighty Altamaha.
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This field is for validation purposes and should be left unchanged. Since St. While such landmarks as the Fort Frederica ruins and the Battle of Bloody Marsh site are preserved and maintained by the National Park Service, and while the historic lighthouse is maintained by the Coastal Georgia Historical Society, historic Ebos Landing has been taken over by a sewage treatment plant.
Several coastal organizations have formed in recent years to save natural areas on the island. The St. Despite its rapid growth and development, St. Simons remains one of the most beautiful and important islands on the Georgia coast. Koon, Mary. Simons Island. Koon, M. In New Georgia Encyclopedia. Simons is approximately twelve miles long and nearly three miles wide at its widest stretch…. Visitors to St.
Simons Island gather on its pier in the late nineteenth century. The tourism industry, still a primary economic activity on the island today, began in the s, and by the s a grand hotel and pier had been built on the southeastern end of the island.
Courtesy of Coastal Georgia Historical Society. The New Georgia Encyclopedia does not hold the copyright for this media resource and can neither grant nor deny permission to republish or reproduce the image online or in print. Requests for permission to publish or reproduce the resource may need to be submitted to the Coastal Georgia Historical Society. The lighthouse on St. Simons Island, pictured during a fireworks display in , replaced the island's original lighthouse, which was dynamited by Confederate troops in as they retreated from Union forces.
The occupying Union troops used the island as a camp for freedpeople. Fort Frederica, pictured in , was built by James Oglethorpe on St. Simons Island in From the time of its establishment until , the fort served as the headquarters for the British military on the Georgia coast.
Ebos Landing, pictured in , was the site of an slave rebellion, during which a group of Ebo Africans drowned themselves rather than submit to slavery. All requests for permission to publish or reproduce the resource must be submitted to the rights holder. The Retreat Plantation house on St. The house, no longer standing, was located on the southwestern tip of the island. Timber from St. Simons Lumber Mills on St. Simons Island was shipped to market from this dock in Brunswick. After coming to a halt during the Civil War, the timber industry on the island was revived during the s.
The village on St. Simons Island, pictured in , grew during World War II, with the establishment of a naval air base and radar school on the island.
In addition to a growing permanent population, St. Learn more about St. Simons Island's rich history. Simons Island offers a variety of dining options from fine dining to casual outdoor fare. Some of our favorite things to eat on the island? Fresh oysters, handmade pizza, award-winning barbecue, and locally-caught seafood—just to name a few. Stop by Barbara Jean's for signature crab cakes, grab a glass of vino at Georgia Sea Grill's wine bar, or bring the kids to enjoy some live music and casual fare at Porch.
No matter what type of food you are looking for, St.
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