What was not known was that many of the Dutch prisoners were killed in the Hartheim gas chamber. Families were given false causes of death and it was widely assumed the men had died of lead poisoning in the mines.
De Lang says they were sent to Hartheim and murdered on August but given false causes of death for weeks later. For of the prisoners there is evidence that they were murdered and cremated at Hartheim, she says, but it was very likely the case for dozens more as well.
She discovered in German archives that from September up to 30 prisoners were listed alphabetically as having died each day. At the time, all deaths had to be registered and the historian is convinced that they were murdered on arrival weeks before.
It was not until January that Hitler and other Nazi leaders came up with the genocidal "Final Solution". As part of De Lang's research, she has identified a number of people pictured during the Nazi detentions in Amsterdam. After the victims undressed, they were taken into the gas chamber, locked in, and killed with Zyklon B gas. After they were killed, Sonderkommando prisoners dragged the corpses out of the gas chambers. Then they burned the corpses in pits, on pyres, or in the crematorium furnaces.
Until September , some of the corpses were buried in mass graves; these corpses were burned from September to November Images from www. That same month, California carried out its first execution in 25 years, taking 10 minutes to kill Robert Alton Harris in its gas chamber. Executions have been on hold in Arizona since the state botched the execution of Joseph Wood in After the state injected him with multiple doses of a secret, experimental combination of drugs, witnesses reported that Mr.
Wood gasped and snorted more than times. Einsatzgruppen gassed hundreds of thousands of people, mostly Jews, Roma Gypsies , and mentally ill people. In , the SS concluded that the deportation of Jews to killing centers to be gassed was the most efficient way of achieving the " Final Solution. Jews from the Lodz area of German-occupied Poland and Roma were killed there in mobile gas vans.
In , systematic mass killing in stationary gas chambers began at Belzec , Sobibor , and Treblinka , all in German-occupied Poland. These gas chambers used carbon monoxide gas generated by diesel engines. As victims were "unloaded" from cattle cars, they were told that they had to be disinfected in "showers. The tighter the gas chambers were packed, the faster the victims suffocated.
The Nazis constantly searched for more efficient means of extermination. At the Auschwitz camp in German-occupied Poland, they conducted experiments with Zyklon B previously used for fumigation by gassing some Soviet prisoners of war and ill prisoners in September Zyklon B pellets, converted to lethal gas when exposed to air.
They proved the quickest gassing method and were chosen as the means of mass murder at Auschwitz. At the height of the deportations in —44, an average of 6, Jews were gassed each day at Auschwitz. Gassing Operations: Oral History Excerpts. The gas chambers were relatively small, constructed to kill those prisoners the Nazis deemed "unfit" to work.
Most of these camps used Zyklon B as the killing agent in their gas chambers.
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