When a smallpox-like disease was contracted from the military, it ravaged the captives. The suffering from exposure, starvation, and sickness took an estimated lives. In close to Mescalero made their escape and returned to their sacred Sacramento Mountains. Nearly 1, Navajos also fled but more than 7, remained. This dark chapter in our national history finally came to an end in with the signing of a treaty and the return of Navajo survivors to their traditional homelands.
While the treaty established the sovereignty of the Navajo Nation, it also outlined the oppressive conditions under which they would be bound, and forever changed the way they would live. Intended to be a reservation "to tame the savages," the ill-planned site, named for a grove of cottonwoods by the river, turned into a virtual prison camp for the Navajos.
The brackish Pecos water caused severe intestinal problems, and diseases were rampant. Chief Barboncito to General Sherman. General Sherman attempted to persuade them to once again be removed, this time farther east to Indian Territory present-day Oklahoma. Manuelito and Barboncito were resolved not only to avoid further removal to Indian Territory, but also to return to their original homelands.
The Long Walk Case Study. The Apache and Navajo, who had survived the army attacks, were then starved into submission. Following orders from his U. Army commanders, Carson directed the destruction of their property and organized the Long Walk to the Bosque Redondo reservation, already occupied by Mescalero Apache.
Soon, 8, men, women, and children were marched almost miles from northeastern Arizona and northwestern New Mexico to Bosque Redondo, a desolate tract on the Pecos River in eastern New Mexico. Traveling in harsh winter conditions for almost two months, about Navajo died of cold and starvation. More died after they arrived at the barren reservation.
The ill-planned site, named for a grove of cottonwoods by the river, turned into a virtual prison camp for the Indians. The brackish Pecos water caused severe intestinal problems in the tribe and disease ran rampant. Armyworm destroyed the corn crop, and the wood supply at the Bosque Redondo was soon depleted.
Most of the Mescalero Apache eluded their military guards and abandoned the reservation on November 3, ; but, for the Navajo, another three years passed before the United States Government recognized that their plan for Americanizing the Navajo had failed.
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