Read more on Cancer Council Victoria website. Read more on Hepatitis NSW website. This pathway provides guidance on imaging patients with clinically and biochemically suspected cholestatic jaundice. Read more on Diagnostic Imaging Pathways website. Dyspepsia indigestion is a common symptom characterised by discomfort or pain in the upper abdomen.
It typically occurs after eating or drinking. Symptoms may include early satiation, uncomfortable fullness, bloating, nausea, vomiting, belching, flatulence, heartburn, regurgitation and diarrhoea.
Read more on Ausmed Education website. Hepatitis C HCV is a bloodborne virus that causes inflammation and damage to the liver and is a leading cause of liver cancer. An estimated ,, people live with chronic hepatitis C in Australia.
New hepatitis C treatments are simple, safe, and highly effective. There are two different types of risks when giving blood. The first relates procedural errors that may occur, such as placing incorrect labels on blood sampling tubes.
The second area of risk relates to transfusion reactions. Reactions may occur during the actual transfusion or days or weeks after. Haemoglobin disorders, also known as haemoglobinopathies, are inherited conditions with an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern that affect haemoglobin Hb - a protein in the red blood cells responsible for transporting oxygen around the body.
They include thalassaemias and sickle cell disease. Diagnostic imaging is often not indicated in chronic abdominal pain. In particular, undifferentiated abdominal pain is rarely an indication for a CT scan. Read more on Australian Prescriber website.
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Please enter your name Please enter your email Your email is invalid. Please check and try again Please enter recipient's email Recipient's email is invalid. The liver is a powerhouse organ, performing a variety of tasks that are essential to maintaining good health. Eat these 11 foods for optimal liver…. Lifestyle changes can help reduce your risk for fatty liver disease and damage.
Learn what 10 foods you should eat and what 6 foods to avoid. Fatty liver disease is best managed with lifestyle changes. Some of the best methods include weight loss, limiting sugar, and drinking coffee.
Health Conditions Discover Plan Connect. Medically reviewed by Modern Weng, D. Conditions that cause jaundice, with pictures. Share on Pinterest. Symptoms of jaundice. Causes of jaundice. Tests and diagnosis. Treating jaundice. Outlook for jaundice. Why Are My Feet Yellow? Understanding Bruising on the Breast. Gray Skin. Read this next. Medically reviewed by Alana Biggers, M.
Medically reviewed by Yamini Ranchod, Ph. Ascites Causes and Risk Factors. Medically reviewed by Angelica Balingit, MD. Bilirubin is a normal body chemical but can build up to abnormally high levels in various diseases. You have millions of red blood cells in your bloodstream. Each blood cell lasts for about days and is then broken down by cells in the body into various waste chemicals.
New red blood cells are being made all the time to replace the ones being broken down. Bilirubin is one of the chemicals that comes from the broken down red cells. The liver cells pass out the conjugated bilirubin into tiny tubes called bile ducts.
The bilirubin is therefore now part of bile. Bile is a mix of various waste chemicals passed out by the liver cells. One function of liver cells is to get rid of a range of waste chemicals in the bile.
There is a network of bile ducts in the liver. They join together like branches of a tree to form the larger common bile duct. Bile constantly drips down the tiny bile ducts, into the common bile duct and into the first part of the gut small intestine , known as the duodenum. The gallbladder lies under the liver.
It is like a pouch off the common bile duct, which stores bile. The gallbladder squeezes contracts when we eat. This empties the stored bile back into the common bile duct and out into the duodenum. The bilirubin in the bile gives the stools faeces their typical brown colour. So, getting rid of bilirubin is a normal process. It is when abnormal amounts of bilirubin build up in the blood that you become jaundiced. And this can happen for many different reasons.
Various conditions cause an increased rate of breakdown of red blood cells. As a result, there is more bilirubin made than usual which then circulates in the blood.
The liver cells are unable to keep pace and process the extra bilirubin. Therefore, a backlog of bilirubin builds up in the blood awaiting the liver cells to process it. This increased amount of bilirubin then spills into the tissues of the body to cause jaundice. Conditions that cause an increased rate of breakdown of red blood cells include:. If the tiny bile ducts within the liver become damaged or narrowed then the flow of bile is restricted.
A backlog of bile which contains bilirubin then spills into the bloodstream. Various conditions can affect or damage the bile ducts in this way. For example, primary biliary cirrhosis , primary sclerosing cholangitis and as a side-effect of some medicines.
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